Fire Marshal Training Explained: What UK Employers Actually Need

Unlike many workplace safety roles, there's no single national qualification you have to hold to become a fire marshal or fire warden. This guide focuses on England and Wales, where the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies. What there is instead is a legal duty on employers — and a widely used, if unregulated, training market that's grown up to meet it.

The legal basis: the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005

In England and Wales, the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 puts the duty for fire safety on a "responsible person" — usually the employer, building owner, or occupier — who must carry out a fire risk assessment and put in place appropriate fire safety measures. Part of meeting that duty is nominating competent people to put the fire-fighting and evacuation measures into practice and making sure their number, training and equipment are adequate (Article 13 of the Order). In practice, outside the smallest premises, that usually means appointing trained fire marshals or fire wardens to help people leave and check that the premises are clear in an emergency. Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own, broadly equivalent fire safety legislation with the same underlying principle: someone has to be responsible, and that responsibility has to be backed by adequate training.

Since 1 October 2023, changes made by section 156 of the Building Safety Act 2022 have applied to every responsible person under the Order, not just those running high-rise residential buildings. In summary, responsible persons must now record all the findings of their fire risk assessment, not only the significant ones, record their fire safety arrangements and who carried out or reviewed the assessment, and identify and share fire safety information with any other responsible persons at the same premises. For a typical workplace, the practical point is that the fire risk assessment, and the record of who has been trained to act on it, needs to be written down and kept current.

What a fire marshal actually does

A fire marshal's day-to-day role is mostly about prevention — checking fire exits stay clear, fire doors aren't wedged open, and extinguishers and alarm call points aren't obstructed or damaged. In an emergency, their job shifts to directing colleagues to the nearest safe exit, sweeping their assigned area to check it's been evacuated, supporting anyone who needs help leaving, and reporting to the assembly point coordinator once their area is clear. It's a responsibility role, not a firefighting one — the priority is getting people out, not fighting the fire, and an extinguisher should only be used by someone who has been trained to use it and only where it is safe to do so.

Why there's no single "fire marshal qualification"

Fire marshal and fire warden training is delivered by a large number of private training providers, in formats that vary by provider, for example classroom courses, or online modules backed by practical extinguisher training delivered on-site. There's no equivalent of NEBOSH or IOSH acting as the single central examining body for this specific role — instead, the Fire Safety Order requires that whoever is appointed is "competent," which in practice means the responsible person has to be satisfied the training covers fire prevention, evacuation procedures, extinguisher use, and the specific risks of that particular building. Larger organisations, or those with more complex premises, often look for courses benchmarked against a recognised awarding body's unit standards even though there's no mandatory single qualification.

How many fire marshals a workplace needs

The number of fire marshals required isn't a fixed number set out in law — it depends on the findings of the building's fire risk assessment, factoring in the size of the premises, the number of people on site, the layout, and the level of fire risk the work itself presents. A small single-floor office will need fewer trained people than a larger, multi-floor building with shift patterns, contractors, and visitors, which will typically need considerably more, spread across the site so someone competent is always present. The Order does not set a ratio; it requires that the number, training and equipment are adequate. This is one of the reasons the fire risk assessment — rather than a training certificate alone — is the actual legal centrepiece of UK workplace fire safety, closely mirroring the logic behind the broader five steps to risk assessment that underpins most UK workplace safety law.

Refresher training

Fire marshal training isn't a one-off certificate that lasts indefinitely. The Order requires safety training to be repeated periodically where appropriate, and the government's fire safety guide for England describes at least annually as recognised practice, or sooner if equipment or procedures change. Most training providers and responsible persons work to an annual refresher cycle, partly because evacuation procedures, building layouts, and staff numbers change, and partly because the skills involved — like correctly using an extinguisher — degrade if they're not practised or refreshed. Employers are also expected to run fire drills. The government guide sets no fixed frequency, but says drills are likely to be needed at least annually and often more frequently. They serve a dual purpose: testing the evacuation plan itself, and keeping fire marshals' practical skills current between formal refresher courses.

Building fire marshal training into a wider CPD plan

For staff who take on the fire marshal role alongside their main job, the training is often just one part of a broader set of workplace safety responsibilities picked up over a career — sitting alongside first aid, manual handling, or general health and safety awareness. Employers who treat this as ongoing professional development rather than a one-off box-ticking exercise tend to end up with a more resilient safety culture, since staff who understand the reasoning behind fire safety procedures are generally more consistent about applying them day to day than those who were simply handed a certificate once and never revisited it.

Frequently asked questions

Is there a legally required fire marshal qualification in the UK?
No — there's no single mandatory national qualification. The legal duty is on the employer to ensure whoever is appointed is competent, based on training that covers prevention, evacuation, and extinguisher use.

How often does fire marshal training need to be renewed?
Most organisations work to an annual refresher cycle, though this isn't a single fixed legal requirement — it reflects good practice for keeping evacuation knowledge and practical extinguisher skills current.

Can a fire marshal be expected to fight a fire?
No — the role is about evacuation. An extinguisher should only be used by someone trained to use it, where it is safe to do so, and never at the expense of getting people out.

This article is general information for employers, not legal advice. Fire safety law differs between England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, so check the rules that apply to your premises and ask your local fire and rescue authority or a competent fire risk assessor if you are unsure.